S

さしすせそ — The S Row

01

Why the S row?

The S row is where things get interesting. さ, す, せ, そ follow the regular pattern — consonant 's' plus a vowel — but is the first irregular romanisation you'll meet: it's read shi, not si. This row also opens up huge chunks of beginner vocabulary: しごと (work), すし (sushi), せかい (world), そら (sky), and the verb stem 〜ます that every textbook starts with.

Memory trick: think “sah, shee, soo, seh, soh” — same vowel sequence as before, but watch the 'sh' on the second character. Whenever s meets i in Japanese, you get shi.
02

Pronunciation at a glance

KanaRomajiPronunciation
saLike "sa" in "saw"
shiLike "she"
suLike "sue", but shorter
seLike "se" in "set"
soLike "so" in "sold"
03

Words you can read with the S row

With the vowels, K row, and S row in your toolkit, you can read a substantial slice of everyday Japanese — including some of the foundational vocabulary (sushi, world, alcohol, polite verb stems). These words use only characters from the first three rows of the chart. Print these as flashcards →

sakealcohol · salmon
asamorning
kasaumbrella
ushicow
ashifoot, leg
ishistone
sushisushi
osushisushi (polite)
sekaiworld
sorasky (preview — uses ら)
ashitatomorrow (preview — uses た)
sakuracherry blossom (preview — uses ら, く)
okashisweets, snacks
sekiseat · cough
usolie, fib · "no way!"
04

What's next

After the S row, the next step is the た-row (た ち つ て と) — note that ち is read chi (not ti) and つ is read tsu, two more irregular romanisations to add to し. After that, the chart fills in row by row.