BY

びゃびゅびょ — The BY Row

01

Why the BY yōon?

The BY yōon group is small in scope but critical in vocabulary — the third of the diacritic yōon (HY + ). びゃ is the rarest of the three on its own, surviving mostly in the phonetic shift of 百 ("hundred") inside specific numeral compounds: 三百 (sanbyaku, 300). びゅ is also rare — wind onomatopoeia (びゅう, byuu) and the loanword デビュー (debyuu, "debut"). びょ is the densest of the trio, dominating medical and time-counting vocabulary: 病院 (byouin, "hospital"), 病気 (byouki, "illness"), 病人 (byounin, "patient"), 秒 (byou, "second"), 平等 (byoudou, "equality"), 描写 (byousha, "description").

Memory trick: HY + ゛ = BY. Same shape as the H-row yōon, voiced /b/ instead of /h/. Prioritize びょ — it carries hospital, illness, seconds, and equality. びゃ and びゅ you'll encounter rarely; recognize them and move on.
02

Pronunciation at a glance

KanaRomajiPronunciation
びゃ bya"B" + "ya" blended quickly
びゅ byu"B" + "yu" blended — like "beauty" start
びょ byo"B" + "yo" blended quickly
03

Words you can read with BY combined kana

With every row plus the BY combined kana, you unlock the medical vocabulary (hospital, illness, patient), time-keeping (seconds), counting (三百), and a small set of vivid onomatopoeia. These examples lean on びゃ, びゅ, びょ. Print these as flashcards →

sanbyakuthree hundred (300)
happyakueight hundred (800 — preview: P yōon)
roppyakusix hundred (600 — preview: P yōon)
byakuyawhite night (literary)
byuuwhoosh (wind onomatopoeia)
byuubyuuhowling (wind sound)
debyuudebut (loanword)
byouinhospital
byoukiillness, disease
byoushitsuhospital room
byousecond (time unit)
byoudouequality
byoushadescription, portrayal
byouninsick person, patient
hakubyouline drawing (art)
04

What's next

One yōon group left: ぴゃぴゅぴょ (PY — ぴ + small ゃ/ゅ/ょ). It's the HY yōon with the round handakuten ゜ instead of the dakuten ゛. PY appears mostly in phonetic shifts of 百 (六百 roppyaku 600, 八百 happyaku 800), onomatopoeia (ぴょんぴょん pyon-pyon, "hopping"), and loanwords. After PY, you'll have covered every kana in the modern hiragana chart.